Rheumatic Heart Disease Symptoms And What You Need To Know

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) can often develop silently, with many individuals experiencing no noticeable symptoms during the early stages. It is usually only when heart valve damage or complications arise that symptoms begin to appear. Recognizing these signs early is crucial for timely medical intervention and better long-term outcomes.

Common Symptoms Of Rheumatic Heart Disease

One of the earliest signs may include shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or when lying flat. Patients may also experience chest tightness, fatigue, and a persistent cough that can sometimes result in coughing up blood. As the condition progresses, more severe symptoms such as orthopnea — difficulty breathing while lying down — and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea may occur.

Heart-Related Symptoms

Heart palpitations and angina-like chest pain are frequently reported, often signaling underlying valve dysfunction. In more serious cases, patients may suffer from syncope (fainting), dizziness, or even life-threatening arrhythmias like ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.

Systemic And Circulatory Symptoms

Fluid retention is another common symptom, often leading to swelling in the lower extremities, known as dependent edema. Some individuals may also experience upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, loss of appetite, indigestion, belching, and in more advanced cases, jaundice. These symptoms are typically linked to congestive heart failure and impaired circulation.

Severe Complications Of Untreated RHD

If left untreated, rheumatic heart disease can lead to severe and potentially fatal complications. These include thromboembolism — where blood clots travel to vital organs — and sudden cardiac death. Another alarming symptom is the presence of pink, frothy sputum, which may indicate acute pulmonary edema, a medical emergency requiring immediate care.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Given the wide range of symptoms and the potential for serious complications, it is essential to seek medical attention as soon as any of these signs appear. Early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of irreversible heart damage. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, surgical intervention.