Rheumatic Heart Disease: Is It Hereditary?

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a condition that affects the heart valves and is often misunderstood in terms of its causes and transmission. Many people wonder whether RHD is hereditary or contagious. The truth is, rheumatic heart disease is not a genetic disorder and cannot be passed down from one generation to the next. Additionally, it is not an infectious disease that spreads from person to person.

What Causes Rheumatic Heart Disease?

Rheumatic heart disease develops as a complication of rheumatic fever, which is primarily triggered by an untreated or inadequately treated infection with group A Streptococcus bacteria—commonly known as strep throat or scarlet fever. This particular strain, often referred to as hemolytic streptococcus, can lead to widespread inflammation in the body, including the heart valves.

How Does It Affect the Heart?

The heart valves—most commonly the mitral valve, followed by the aortic, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves—are particularly vulnerable to damage from rheumatic fever. Over time, inflammation can cause scarring and thickening of the valve tissues, leading to conditions such as stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage). These changes can impair the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.

Symptoms and Complications

In the early stages, rheumatic heart disease may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, individuals may experience fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling in the legs and feet, and irregular heartbeats. In more severe cases, heart failure can occur, and there is even a risk of sudden cardiac death.

One of the most significant complications associated with rheumatic heart disease is atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat that increases the risk of blood clots and subsequent stroke. For this reason, patients are often prescribed anticoagulant medications to prevent clot formation and reduce the risk of embolism.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention plays a crucial role in managing rheumatic heart disease. Prompt diagnosis and complete treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics can significantly reduce the risk of developing rheumatic fever and its complications. Once RHD is diagnosed, regular follow-ups with a cardiologist are essential to monitor heart function and manage symptoms effectively.

If you suspect you or someone you know may be affected by rheumatic heart disease, it's important to seek care at a reputable medical facility. Early detection and proper management can make a significant difference in long-term outcomes and quality of life.