Rheumatic Heart Disease Symptoms And What You Need To Know

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a long-term condition that primarily develops as a result of repeated episodes of acute rheumatic fever. This condition often leads to chronic inflammation and damage to the heart valves, particularly the mitral valve. Over time, turbulent blood flow and ongoing inflammation can cause platelets and fibrin to accumulate, leading to structural changes in the heart valves.

Understanding The Development Of Rheumatic Heart Disease

One of the most common effects of rheumatic heart disease is the thickening, roughness, and adhesion of the mitral valve. Additionally, the tendon-like cords that anchor the valve—known as the chordae tendineae—may shorten, fuse, or even calcify. These changes can significantly impair the valve's ability to function properly, resulting in mitral regurgitation or stenosis.

Common Symptoms Of Rheumatic Heart Disease

Patients with rheumatic heart disease often experience a range of symptoms, particularly related to heart failure and impaired circulation. A key symptom is exertional dyspnea—shortness of breath that occurs during physical activity but not at rest. Other common signs include paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying flat), and hemoptysis (coughing up blood).

In addition to respiratory symptoms, individuals may also experience gastrointestinal disturbances such as poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Reduced urine output, fatigue, and peripheral edema—especially in the lower extremities—are also frequently observed. These symptoms are largely due to pulmonary congestion caused by long-standing pulmonary hypertension, which ultimately leads to left ventricular dysfunction.

Why Early Detection Matters

Recognizing the early signs of rheumatic heart disease is crucial for preventing severe complications. Left untreated, the condition can lead to progressive heart failure, arrhythmias, and even sudden cardiac events. Therefore, anyone with a history of rheumatic fever should undergo regular cardiac evaluations to monitor valve function and overall heart health.

Conclusion

Rheumatic heart disease remains a significant public health concern in many parts of the world. Awareness of its symptoms—such as exertional breathlessness, nighttime breathing difficulties, and swelling in the legs—can help ensure early diagnosis and timely intervention. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, especially after a history of rheumatic fever, it's important to seek medical evaluation promptly.