Rheumatic Heart Disease: How Serious Is It?

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a serious condition that can develop as a complication of untreated or poorly managed rheumatic fever. When the heart becomes involved during an episode of rheumatic fever, prompt and effective treatment is essential to prevent long-term damage, particularly to the heart valves.

Symptoms of Rheumatic Heart Disease

Patients may experience symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath during physical activity, and discomfort in the chest area. These signs often indicate the beginning of valve damage. In cases where the mitral valve is affected, a high-pitched, blowing systolic murmur can typically be heard at the apex of the heart. Similarly, involvement of the aortic valve may lead to a soft, blowing diastolic murmur during mid to late diastole.

Early Signs of Cardiac Involvement

One of the early indicators of heart inflammation during rheumatic fever is sinus tachycardia, where the heart rate increases disproportionately to body temperature. This can be a crucial clinical sign for early diagnosis and intervention.

Subtle Presentations and Diagnosis

In milder cases, patients may only exhibit unexplained palpitations or shortness of breath without any other identifiable physiological or pathological cause. Importantly, cardiac inflammation can occur in isolation or alongside other rheumatic symptoms such as joint pain and skin rashes. Accurate diagnosis often requires a thorough clinical evaluation, including auscultation, echocardiography, and a detailed patient history.

Importance of Timely Treatment

Managing rheumatic fever promptly can significantly reduce the risk of developing chronic heart disease. Preventive strategies, including long-term antibiotic therapy, play a vital role in reducing recurrence and preventing further valve damage. Without proper care, rheumatic heart disease can lead to severe complications, including heart failure and arrhythmias.