Rheumatic Heart Disease Symptoms and Signs You Should Know

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a serious condition often caused by an abnormal immune response following infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria. This disease primarily affects the heart valves and can lead to long-term complications if not properly managed. Understanding the common signs and symptoms is essential for early diagnosis and treatment.

Common Symptoms of Rheumatic Heart Disease

Patients suffering from rheumatic heart disease may experience a variety of symptoms, including palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, persistent coughing, swelling in the extremities, and in more severe cases, the presence of pink, frothy sputum. These symptoms often indicate heart failure or significant valve damage caused by inflammation and scarring from the disease.

Typical Physical Signs to Watch For

Cardiac-Related Indicators

One of the most notable physical signs is an enlarged heart, which can be detected through imaging or physical examination. Additionally, patients may exhibit tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and a weakened first heart sound at the apex, indicating impaired heart function.

Respiratory and Pulmonary Signs

Crackles or abnormal breath sounds may be heard at the base of both lungs, suggesting fluid buildup due to heart-related complications. This is often a sign of pulmonary congestion or the presence of heart failure.

Joint and Skin Manifestations

In many cases, rheumatic heart disease is accompanied by joint issues such as redness, swelling, and pain, especially in the larger joints like the knees and elbows. Limited range of motion is also commonly observed. Moreover, some patients may develop a characteristic rash known as erythema marginatum — large, red, ring-shaped lesions with a pale center, typically found on the trunk and inner sides of the arms and legs.

Why Early Detection Matters

Recognizing these signs early can significantly improve outcomes. Prompt medical intervention, including antibiotics to treat the underlying strep infection and medications to manage heart-related complications, can help prevent irreversible damage to the heart valves. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, especially after a recent throat infection, it's crucial to seek professional medical evaluation.