Rheumatic Heart Disease Symptoms and Their Impact on Cardiac Health

Rheumatic heart disease primarily affects the heart muscle, valves, and the surrounding pericardium, often leading to complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and pericardial tamponade. These conditions can significantly impair heart function and overall health.

Heart Failure Symptoms

Heart failure is a common manifestation of rheumatic heart disease and can be categorized into left-sided and right-sided heart failure, each with distinct symptoms:

Left-Sided Heart Failure

Patients may experience exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea. In severe cases, this can progress to pulmonary edema. Additionally, reduced cardiac output can lead to systemic organ ischemia. Renal ischemia may cause oliguria or anuria, cerebral ischemia can result in dizziness and visual disturbances, and gastrointestinal ischemia may present as indigestion or poor appetite.

Right-Sided Heart Failure

This form typically presents with signs of systemic congestion, including gastrointestinal blood stasis and peripheral edema, particularly in the lower extremities.

Arrhythmias and Their Effects

Arrhythmias are another critical complication of rheumatic heart disease. Patients may report symptoms such as chest discomfort and palpitations. In more severe cases, arrhythmias can lead to syncope, visual disturbances, and even sudden cardiac death.

Pericardial Tamponade Signs

Pericardial tamponade is a life-threatening condition that can occur due to fluid accumulation around the heart. Symptoms include hypotension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, pallor, and signs of circulatory collapse. Prompt medical intervention is essential to prevent fatal outcomes.