Rheumatic Heart Disease: Understanding Its Dangers and Complications

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) poses serious health risks similar to other forms of heart disease. When the heart is affected, particularly through the weakening of heart function, it can lead to symptoms such as dizziness and even fainting. As the condition progresses, it may cause respiratory issues due to pulmonary insufficiency, resulting in shortness of breath, coughing, and in severe cases, coughing up blood or mucus.

Cardiac Complications of Rheumatic Heart Disease

One of the most concerning complications of RHD is heart failure. The weakening of the heart muscle impairs its ability to pump blood effectively, which can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs. This condition, known as pulmonary congestion, makes it increasingly difficult for individuals to breathe and can significantly reduce their quality of life.

The Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Blood Clots

Stroke and Organ Damage Due to Embolism

When rheumatic heart disease leads to atrial fibrillation — a common irregular heartbeat condition — the risk of blood clots forming within the heart increases dramatically. If a clot dislodges and travels to the brain, it can cause a stroke, potentially leading to paralysis or loss of function in certain parts of the body. Similarly, if the clot reaches other organs, it can cause significant damage through embolism, affecting organ function and overall health.

Peripheral Complications: Limb Ischemia and Amputation

In more severe cases, embolisms can affect the blood supply to limbs, resulting in limb ischemia — a condition where there is inadequate blood flow to the extremities. This can cause severe pain, tissue death, and in some cases, amputation may be necessary to prevent further complications.