Rheumatic Heart Disease An Overview and Its Impact on Cardiac Health

Rheumatic heart disease is a condition that develops as a result of rheumatic fever, which causes damage to the heart. This condition typically occurs after an infection with Group A Streptococcus bacteria, which can trigger an abnormal immune response in the body. As a consequence, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, particularly affecting the heart and its structures.

Understanding Rheumatic Fever and Its Connection to Heart Damage

The immune response triggered by rheumatic fever can cause inflammation and scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral and aortic valves. This damage may interfere with the normal function of the valves, preventing them from opening and closing properly. Over time, this can lead to significant changes in the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.

Symptoms and Complications of Rheumatic Heart Disease

As the damage to the heart valves progresses, patients may begin to experience symptoms of heart failure. Common signs include shortness of breath, especially during physical activity, chest pain, fatigue, and palpitations. In severe cases, rheumatic heart disease can lead to complications such as atrial fibrillation, stroke, and even heart failure if the heart is unable to compensate for the valve dysfunction.

Prevention and Management Strategies

Early diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal infections are crucial in preventing the development of rheumatic fever and subsequent heart damage. Long-term antibiotic therapy may also be recommended for individuals who have already experienced one episode of rheumatic fever to prevent recurrence. Managing symptoms and monitoring heart function through regular medical check-ups are essential components of care for those living with rheumatic heart disease.