Rheumatic Heart Disease Attack: Essential First Aid Measures

When a rheumatic heart disease attack occurs, it is often due to mitral valve stenosis, which prevents blood from flowing properly from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This condition can rapidly increase blood pressure in the pulmonary veins, leading to pulmonary congestion. As a result, individuals may experience sudden shortness of breath, especially after physical activity, accompanied by restlessness and an inability to lie flat. In more severe cases, patients may cough up pink, frothy sputum, which requires immediate medical attention.

Immediate Actions During an Attack

If someone experiences symptoms of a rheumatic heart attack outside of a hospital setting, it is crucial to take immediate action. First, the patient should be assisted into a seated or semi-reclining position. This posture, combined with keeping the legs lowered or dangling, can help reduce the amount of blood returning to the heart, thereby lessening the strain on the cardiovascular system.

Calling for Emergency Medical Help

Time is of the essence in such situations. It is vital to call emergency medical services—such as dialing 120—as soon as possible. Prompt professional care can make a life-saving difference. While waiting for help to arrive, continue to monitor the patient's condition and keep them calm.

Medication and Symptom Management

If available and prescribed, the patient may benefit from sublingual nitroglycerin, which can help alleviate symptoms by dilating blood vessels and reducing the heart's workload. In addition, a small dose of diuretics may be taken to help reduce fluid buildup in the lungs. However, any medication should only be administered if it has been previously recommended by a healthcare provider.

Conclusion

Understanding how to respond during a rheumatic heart disease episode can significantly improve outcomes. Staying calm, positioning the patient correctly, and seeking emergency assistance promptly are key steps. Knowing what medications are safe to use ahead of time can also play a crucial role in managing the situation effectively until professional care is available.