Rheumatic Heart Disease Most Commonly Affects These Heart Valves

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) primarily affects the heart valves due to long-term inflammation caused by rheumatic fever. This condition most frequently targets the mitral valve, which is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. Additionally, the aortic valve, situated between the left ventricle and the aorta, is also highly susceptible to damage.

How Rheumatic Heart Disease Affects Heart Valves

When the mitral or aortic valve becomes damaged due to scarring and thickening from chronic inflammation, it can impair normal blood flow through the heart. This often leads to valve stenosis or regurgitation, both of which can significantly affect heart function. Over time, the heart must work harder to pump blood, which may lead to progressive heart failure if left untreated.

Early Symptoms and Progression

In the early stages of rheumatic heart disease, patients may not experience any noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses and the heart valves become increasingly damaged, signs of heart failure may begin to appear. These can include shortness of breath, fatigue, and difficulty breathing, especially during physical exertion or when lying flat.

Diagnosis and Detection

Diagnosing rheumatic heart disease typically involves a combination of echocardiography (color Doppler ultrasound) and a thorough review of the patient's medical history. Doctors look for signs of valve damage and ask about previous episodes of rheumatic fever, which is often the underlying cause of the condition. Early detection is crucial for managing the disease and preventing further complications.