Rheumatic Heart Disease Life Expectancy And Treatment Options

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a significant health concern in many regions, particularly in certain provinces across China such as Jiangxi, Hunan, and Hubei, where the condition is more commonly diagnosed. One of the most frequently asked questions among patients and their families is about life expectancy. Understanding the progression and treatment options of the disease is essential for managing expectations and improving outcomes.

Understanding Rheumatic Heart Disease

Rheumatic heart disease primarily affects the heart valves, including the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve. These damages are usually the result of repeated episodes of rheumatic fever, which is often triggered by untreated streptococcal infections. Among these valve issues, mitral valve stenosis is the most prevalent form, occurring more frequently than aortic valve stenosis. Tricuspid valve problems are typically characterized by regurgitation or valve leakage rather than stenosis.

Common Valve Involvements

While pulmonary valve stenosis can occur, it is relatively rare and often congenital rather than caused by rheumatic fever. The most common and treatable form of rheumatic heart disease involves the mitral valve, where stenosis may occur alone or in combination with regurgitation. When diagnosed early and managed properly, patients with these conditions can maintain a good quality of life and enjoy a life expectancy similar to that of the general population.

Effective Treatment Approaches

The recommended first-line treatment for rheumatic mitral valve stenosis is percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV), a minimally invasive procedure. In this procedure, a balloon catheter is guided to the mitral valve and inflated to widen the valve opening. This approach helps alleviate symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention, significantly improving the patient's daily functioning and overall well-being.

Why Valve Replacement Should Be Avoided Unless Necessary

While valve replacement surgery is an option in advanced cases, it should be reserved for patients who are not suitable candidates for balloon dilation. Replacing the mitral valve involves more complex surgery and lifelong anticoagulation therapy, which comes with its own set of risks. Balloon dilation, on the other hand, offers a less invasive alternative with quicker recovery and excellent long-term results for eligible patients.

Improving Prognosis Through Early Intervention

Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment play a crucial role in extending life expectancy and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with rheumatic heart disease. Regular follow-ups, adherence to prescribed medications, and lifestyle modifications can further support heart health and prevent complications. With proper medical care, many patients can lead active, fulfilling lives for decades after diagnosis.