Rheumatic Heart Disease Diagnosis And Essential Medical Exams

Rheumatic heart disease can be diagnosed through a combination of clinical symptoms, physical examinations, and various diagnostic tests. During a physical exam, doctors typically look for specific signs related to heart valve damage, such as abnormal heart sounds or murmurs. In advanced stages, symptoms of heart failure and other related complications may also be present.

Key Diagnostic Tests For Rheumatic Heart Disease

Echocardiogram

One of the most important tools in diagnosing rheumatic heart disease is the echocardiogram. This imaging test allows physicians to evaluate the size of the heart chambers, assess overall cardiac function, and measure the severity of valve damage. It also helps determine the valve orifice area, pressure gradients across affected valves, and the presence of pulmonary hypertension. A Doppler echocardiogram may be used to further evaluate blood flow patterns and detect regurgitation or stenosis.

Chest X-Ray

A chest X-ray is commonly used to visualize the heart's size and shape, as well as any changes in the lungs that may be linked to heart failure or valve disease. This simple imaging method can show signs of congestion in the lungs or enlargement of the heart, both of which are common in advanced rheumatic heart disease.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An electrocardiogram records the electrical activity of the heart and is used to detect arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, which often accompany valvular heart disease. It can also reveal signs of previous heart damage, strain patterns, or evidence of myocardial ischemia, especially in older patients.

Coronary Angiography

For patients over the age of 45 who show signs of myocardial ischemia on an ECG, a coronary angiogram may be recommended. This test helps determine whether coronary artery disease is present alongside rheumatic heart disease, which is crucial for planning appropriate treatment strategies. Coronary angiography involves injecting a contrast dye into the arteries to visualize any blockages or narrowing.

Why Early Detection Matters

Early diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease is essential for preventing irreversible heart damage and reducing the risk of complications such as heart failure, stroke, or bacterial endocarditis. Regular follow-up with a cardiologist and timely intervention can significantly improve long-term outcomes for patients with this condition.