Rheumatic Heart Disease: Understanding Its Dangers and Long-Term Impact

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a serious condition that, if left untreated, can significantly affect a person's health and longevity. While early diagnosis and proper medical care can help patients maintain a quality of life similar to that of the general population, delays in treatment often lead to worsening symptoms and irreversible damage.

The Progressive Nature of Rheumatic Heart Disease

As the disease progresses, especially with advancing age, patients may experience recurring episodes of rheumatic activity. These flare-ups can cause increasing damage to the heart valves, ultimately leading to complications such as arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation, in particular, raises the risk of blood clot formation within the heart.

Stroke and Other Complications from Blood Clots

Once a blood clot forms, it can dislodge and travel through the bloodstream. If it reaches the brain, it may cause a stroke — a potentially life-threatening event that can result in long-term disability or even death. Moreover, clots can also travel to other organs, such as the kidneys, where they may impair renal function and lead to chronic health issues.

Systemic Effects of Advanced Heart Damage

Heart valve damage caused by rheumatic fever can severely compromise cardiac function. As heart failure develops, it can have a ripple effect on other vital organs. Respiratory function may decline due to fluid buildup in the lungs, while liver and kidney function can deteriorate due to reduced blood flow and congestion.

In addition, gastrointestinal function may be affected, leading to symptoms like nausea, poor appetite, and fluid retention. Without timely medical intervention, these systemic complications can become severe, significantly increasing the risk of hospitalization, disability, and even mortality.

Importance of Early Detection and Treatment

Regular medical check-ups, especially for individuals with a history of rheumatic fever, are crucial in preventing the progression of rheumatic heart disease. Early treatment with antibiotics, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, surgical intervention can help preserve heart function and prevent life-threatening complications.