Rheumatic Heart Disease Can Be Cured?

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) typically occurs when the body, particularly with weakened immunity, is invaded by group B hemolytic streptococcus, which eventually affects the heart lining or damages the heart valves. In the earliest stages, the condition often begins as rheumatic fever. If detected early and treated promptly, rheumatic fever can be effectively managed. However, once the disease progresses to involve the heart valves and is classified as rheumatic heart disease, achieving a complete cure becomes significantly more challenging.

Early Detection and Management

In the initial phase of rheumatic heart disease, symptoms may be mild or even absent. Patients may not experience any discomfort or require immediate treatment, but regular monitoring is usually recommended. If there is an active rheumatic fever episode occurring alongside heart involvement, medical intervention becomes necessary to control the inflammation and prevent further damage.

Progression of the Disease

As the condition advances, valve damage becomes more pronounced. One of the most common complications is mitral valve stenosis — a narrowing of the mitral valve on the left side of the heart. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, palpitations, coughing, and fatigue. At this stage, treatment becomes more complex and often requires a combination of medical and surgical approaches.

Treatment Options for Advanced RHD

In the earlier stages of valve involvement, a procedure known as percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty may be used to widen the narrowed valve. This minimally invasive technique can provide relief and improve heart function without the need for open-heart surgery. However, if the valve damage is too severe or the balloon procedure is ineffective, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Common surgical options include mitral valve repair or replacement. Valve replacement can involve either mechanical valves or bioprosthetic (tissue) valves, each with its own set of advantages and long-term considerations. Patients undergoing valve replacement will often require lifelong anticoagulation therapy, especially if a mechanical valve is used.

Conclusion

While rheumatic heart disease cannot always be completely cured, especially once significant valve damage has occurred, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life. Preventive measures, such as prompt treatment of streptococcal infections and regular follow-ups, play a crucial role in managing the disease and preventing its progression.