Treatment Options for Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease

Chronic rheumatic heart disease is a condition caused by repeated episodes of rheumatic fever, which lead to damage of the heart valves. This damage often results in valve stenosis or regurgitation, with the mitral and aortic valves being most commonly affected. The treatment approach for chronic rheumatic heart disease depends on the type and severity of valve damage, as outlined below:

Conservative Management for Mild Cases

When valve stenosis or regurgitation is mild and does not significantly impact heart function or ejection fraction, conservative treatment is usually recommended. Patients are advised to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle, including a low-sodium and low-fat diet. It's also important to avoid strenuous physical activity and take precautions to prevent respiratory infections, which can increase the risk of endocarditis. Regular follow-ups with a cardiologist are essential to monitor any progression of the condition.

Interventional and Surgical Treatments for Severe Cases

In cases of severe valve stenosis or significant regurgitation, more aggressive treatment options are necessary. For severe stenosis, balloon valvuloplasty may be performed. This minimally invasive procedure involves inserting a catheter with a balloon into the affected valve area, where the balloon is then inflated to widen the narrowed valve and improve blood flow.

Valve Replacement for Advanced Regurgitation

When severe regurgitation is present and cannot be corrected through less invasive means, surgical valve replacement is typically required. During this procedure, the damaged valve is replaced with either a mechanical (metal) valve or a biological valve made from animal tissue. Each type of valve has its own benefits and considerations, and the decision is made based on the patient's age, lifestyle, and long-term health goals.

Managing chronic rheumatic heart disease effectively requires a personalized treatment plan developed in consultation with a cardiologist. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for patients living with this condition.