Rheumatic Heart Disease Can Be Treated With Surgery

Rheumatic heart disease, particularly when it involves moderate mitral valve stenosis, can often be effectively managed with surgical intervention. Whether or not the heart has begun to show signs of decompensation, surgery may be a viable option. In cases where cardiac decompensation is already present, surgical treatment is generally recommended. Timing plays a crucial role in achieving the best possible outcomes, and early intervention can significantly improve long-term prognosis.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

One of the modern approaches to treating rheumatic heart disease is through interventional cardiology. This method involves the use of catheters to access the heart without the need for open-heart surgery. A cutting-edge technique in this field is the implantation of artificial valves or the repair of existing valves using specialized devices. These procedures are less invasive, often leading to faster recovery times and reduced risk of complications.

Traditional Surgical Options

For more advanced cases, traditional open-heart surgery remains a highly effective treatment. This can include either repairing the damaged valve or replacing it entirely. Valve repair aims to restore the function of the mitral valve by modifying its structure, while valve replacement involves substituting the diseased valve with either a mechanical or biological prosthetic.

Types of Valve Replacement

There are two primary types of replacement valves: mechanical and biological. Mechanical valves are durable and designed to last a lifetime, but they require lifelong anticoagulation therapy to prevent blood clots. Biological valves, on the other hand, are made from animal tissue and do not typically require long-term blood thinners. However, they may wear out over time and might need replacement after several years.

Choosing the right treatment depends on various factors including the patient's age, overall health, and lifestyle. A thorough evaluation by a cardiac specialist is essential to determine the most suitable approach for managing rheumatic heart disease through surgery.