Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms and Overview

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a type of heart condition characterized by the thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle. When this thickening leads to an obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract, it is classified as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. This condition can significantly affect heart function and lead to a range of symptoms.

Common Symptoms of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

One of the most common symptoms experienced by patients with HOCM is shortness of breath, especially during physical activity. This is known as exertional dyspnea and occurs due to the heart's reduced ability to pump blood efficiently during exercise.

Chest Pain and Discomfort

Chest pain is another frequent symptom. It can occur both at rest and during physical exertion. The discomfort may resemble angina and is often due to the increased oxygen demand of the thickened heart muscle and reduced blood flow to the heart tissue.

Dizziness, Lightheadedness, and Fainting

Approximately 20% of individuals diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy experience episodes of fainting, known as syncope. Some may only feel lightheaded or experience temporary vision disturbances such as blackouts. These symptoms are often related to irregular heart rhythms or impaired blood flow from the heart.

Sudden Cardiac Death: A Serious Risk

Although rare, sudden cardiac death is the most severe and life-threatening complication associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. It typically occurs due to dangerous arrhythmias—abnormal heart rhythms that can lead to cardiac arrest. This risk underscores the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate medical management for individuals with HOCM.