Heart Failure Symptoms in Infants with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Infants diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy often exhibit signs of heart failure, which result from the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently. Common symptoms include shortness of breath during physical activity, rapid breathing, and difficulty feeding, which may lead to poor weight gain.

Key Symptoms of Heart Failure in Infants

One of the primary indicators of heart dysfunction in infants is increased respiratory effort. This may manifest as labored breathing, wheezing, or persistent coughing. Infants may also experience tachycardia, or an abnormally fast heart rate, as the heart attempts to compensate for its reduced pumping capacity.

Left-Sided Heart Failure Symptoms

When the left side of the heart is affected, symptoms often include severe breathing difficulties, especially during feeding or physical exertion. In acute cases, infants may develop pulmonary edema, leading to coughing fits and the production of frothy, pink-tinged sputum — a sign of fluid buildup in the lungs.

Right-Sided Heart Failure Symptoms

Right-sided heart failure typically results in systemic fluid retention. Parents may notice swelling in the legs and feet, as well as abdominal distension due to an enlarged liver. Infants may also appear pale, have cold extremities, and show signs of fatigue or irritability due to reduced blood flow.

Factors That Worsen Symptoms

Symptoms can become more severe during periods of stress on the body, such as viral infections like the common cold, physical exhaustion, or imbalances in electrolytes. These situations may trigger acute heart failure episodes, requiring urgent medical attention.

Parents and caregivers should monitor infants closely for any signs of worsening heart function and seek prompt medical care when symptoms escalate. Early intervention is crucial in managing dilated cardiomyopathy and improving long-term outcomes.