What Is Cardiomyopathy?

Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of heterogeneous heart muscle diseases that result from various causes. These conditions are characterized by abnormalities in the heart's mechanical function and electrical activity, often leading to inappropriate thickening or dilation of the heart chambers. In severe cases, cardiomyopathy can lead to progressive heart failure or even cardiovascular death.

Types of Cardiomyopathy

Currently, cardiomyopathies are broadly categorized into two main types: primary and secondary. Primary cardiomyopathies are those that directly affect the heart muscle without a known systemic cause. This category includes dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and other unclassified forms.

Primary vs. Secondary Cardiomyopathy

On the other hand, secondary cardiomyopathies are linked to broader systemic diseases that indirectly impact the heart muscle. These can arise from a variety of underlying conditions such as metabolic disorders, infections, endocrine abnormalities, and connective tissue diseases. When the heart is affected as part of a larger illness, it results in secondary cardiomyopathy.

Understanding the Impact

Recognizing the distinction between primary and secondary cardiomyopathy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. While primary forms are often genetic or idiopathic, secondary types are typically linked to external factors or other illnesses. Understanding these differences helps physicians develop targeted strategies to manage symptoms and improve patient outcomes.