Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Understanding Its Key Characteristics

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare type of heart muscle disease that presents symptoms similar to constrictive pericarditis, making differential diagnosis essential. In the early stages, patients may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, general malaise, and fatigue. Laboratory blood tests often reveal elevated levels of eosinophils, which can be a key indicator of the condition.

Progression and Heart Function

As the disease progresses, it can lead to heart failure and obstruction in the pulmonary circulation. The primary dysfunction typically affects the right ventricle, resulting in right-sided heart failure. However, in some cases, both ventricles may be involved, leading to a more complex clinical picture.

Symptoms of Left Ventricular Involvement

When the left ventricle is affected—especially in combination with mitral valve regurgitation—patients may develop severe symptoms including marked shortness of breath, pronounced left-sided heart failure, and angina. These manifestations are often more intense and require immediate medical attention.

Clinical Signs and Physical Findings

Physical examination can reveal several telltale signs of restrictive cardiomyopathy. These include jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), peripheral edema—particularly in the lower extremities—and the presence of ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity).

Cardiac Auscultation and Other Indicators

Auscultation of the heart may detect a low-pitched first heart sound, the presence of a gallop rhythm (often indicating ventricular dysfunction), and systolic murmurs that suggest valvular involvement. These findings, combined with imaging and lab results, help clinicians build a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan.