Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms And What You Need To Know

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition that affects the heart muscle, and it can present with a wide range of symptoms — or in some cases, no symptoms at all. Many individuals may experience shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion, as the heart struggles to pump blood efficiently. This can be accompanied by chest tightness or discomfort, often mistaken for other heart-related issues.

Common Symptoms Of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

One of the hallmark signs of HCM is unexplained fainting or syncope, particularly during or after physical activity. This is often due to irregular heart rhythms or impaired blood flow. Some patients also report episodes of dizziness or lightheadedness, which can be early indicators of the condition.

Chest pain or angina is another symptom that may occur, even in the absence of coronary artery disease. This discomfort typically appears during exercise and is a result of the heart muscle's increased demand for oxygen.

Advanced And Severe Symptoms

In more advanced cases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure. Symptoms may include persistent fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, and difficulty breathing while lying flat. Additionally, patients may develop arrhythmias — abnormal heart rhythms that can cause palpitations or, in severe cases, sudden cardiac arrest.

Alarmingly, HCM is also recognized as a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults and athletes, sometimes without prior warning signs. This underscores the importance of early detection and proper medical evaluation.

What To Do If You Suspect HCM

If you or someone you know is experiencing unexplained symptoms like fainting, chest pain, or shortness of breath during physical activity, it's crucial to seek medical attention. A cardiologist can perform diagnostic tests such as an echocardiogram, electrocardiogram (ECG), or genetic testing to confirm the presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in managing symptoms and reducing the risk of complications. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, surgical or catheter-based interventions. Following a doctor's guidance closely can significantly improve quality of life and long-term outcomes.