Signs of Successful CPR

When cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is effective, several key indicators can be observed. These include the return of a pulse in the carotid artery, a healthier color returning to the skin, particularly noticeable in the lips and extremities, pupil constriction, the return of spontaneous breathing, and the patient regaining consciousness or opening their eyes. These physical changes are strong signs that CPR is working and that the body is beginning to respond to the treatment.

Key Indicators of CPR Success

Restored Circulation and Color

One of the most immediate and visible signs of successful CPR is the restoration of blood circulation. This is often seen through the patient's complexion improving, with a pink or natural skin tone returning, especially in the face, lips, and fingertips. This indicates that oxygenated blood is once again flowing throughout the body.

Return of Pulse and Breathing

A clear indicator of effective CPR is the reappearance of a pulse, particularly in the carotid artery located in the neck. Additionally, spontaneous breathing may begin, which signals that the lungs and heart are starting to function without external chest compressions. This is one of the strongest signs that the patient is stabilizing.

Pupillary Response and Consciousness

Another sign to watch for is a change in the patient's pupils. If the pupils, which were previously dilated, begin to constrict and respond to light, it suggests that brain function is improving. In some cases, the patient may also begin to show signs of awareness, such as moving limbs, responding to verbal stimuli, or opening their eyes.

Deciding When to Continue Chest Compressions

Whether or not to continue chest compressions should be based on a careful assessment of the patient's condition. For individuals who are not overweight, responders can place their ear near the patient's mouth to listen and feel for breathing while simultaneously checking for a pulse by gently placing fingers on the neck. Observing the patient's skin tone and level of consciousness is also crucial during this phase.

How to Assess CPR Effectiveness

Using a flashlight to examine the pupils can also help determine progress. If the pupils are constricting in response to light, it indicates improved neurological function. However, the most important signs remain the return of normal breathing and a healthy skin color. These two factors are the most reliable when determining whether CPR has been successful and whether emergency care should continue or transition to post-resuscitation care.