Heart Palpitations: Understanding the Symptoms and When to Seek Help

Heart palpitations, often described as a fluttering, racing, or irregular heartbeat, can occur when you're at rest and become aware of your heart's rhythm. This sensation is commonly linked to arrhythmias—abnormalities in the heart's electrical system that cause irregular or abnormally fast heartbeats. These irregularities may manifest as a rapid pulse, such as in sinus tachycardia or supraventricular tachycardia, or as skipped beats, which could indicate premature ventricular contractions or atrial premature beats.

Types of Arrhythmias Associated with Palpitations

There are several types of arrhythmias that can cause palpitations. Some involve a heartbeat that's too fast, while others involve irregular rhythms. Common examples include:

• Sinus tachycardia: A normal increase in heart rate due to stress, exercise, or illness.
• Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): A rapid heartbeat originating above the heart's lower chambers.
• Premature atrial or ventricular contractions: Extra heartbeats that disrupt the normal rhythm.

When to Be Concerned About Heart Palpitations

It's important to evaluate how often the palpitations occur and whether they're accompanied by other symptoms. If you experience frequent episodes or notice symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain alongside the palpitations, it may be a sign of a more serious condition. In such cases, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation.

Diagnostic Tools for Identifying Arrhythmias

A key diagnostic tool is the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which records the heart's electrical activity and can help identify the type of arrhythmia present. For intermittent symptoms, a portable heart monitor such as a Holter monitor or event recorder may be used to capture irregularities over a longer period.

Managing Occasional Palpitations

If you only experience heart palpitations occasionally and they don't interfere with your daily life, your doctor may suggest monitoring the episodes and making lifestyle adjustments. Simple changes like reducing caffeine intake, managing stress, staying hydrated, and avoiding stimulants can often reduce the frequency of palpitations.

However, if symptoms persist or worsen, prompt medical attention is advised to rule out any underlying heart conditions and ensure proper treatment.