The Most Common Types of Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy

Idiopathic cardiomyopathy refers to a group of clinical syndromes caused by primary myocardial damage with unknown origins. Once diagnosed, it is essential to actively treat complications to improve patient outcomes. There are several common types of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, primarily categorized into three major forms:

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the enlargement of the left heart and/or right heart, often leading to heart failure. This condition can also be accompanied by arrhythmias and thromboembolic complications. In the early stages, left ventricular dilation is predominant, while in later stages, right heart enlargement may occur, leading to global cardiac enlargement and heart failure. The ventricular walls generally exhibit weakened motion, with pump failure being the primary manifestation.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is marked by uneven thickening of the ventricular septum and the apex of the heart, which may be associated with outflow tract obstruction. Patients often experience impaired diastolic function in the early stages. In the advanced or decompensated phase, systolic heart failure may develop. The obstruction can lead to reduced blood supply to vital organs, causing angina and myocardial ischemia. These complications can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias and even sudden cardiac death.

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) involves subendocardial fibrosis and scarring, which restricts ventricular filling during diastole. This can lead to symptoms of heart failure. Additionally, patients may experience arrhythmias and thromboembolic events due to impaired cardiac function and blood flow abnormalities.