Treatment Options for Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy

Infiltrative cardiomyopathy refers to a group of heart conditions, either inherited or acquired, caused by the deposition of abnormal substances such as fat, glycogen, or amyloid materials within or between the heart muscle cells. These deposits interfere with normal heart function and can lead to serious complications. Since there is no specific cure for the underlying causes, treatment primarily focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

Managing Heart Failure and Enlarged Heart Chambers

One of the most common complications of infiltrative cardiomyopathy is heart failure, often accompanied by enlarged heart chambers. To address these issues, physicians may prescribe medications such as digoxin, a cardiac glycoside that strengthens heart contractions. Diuretics like furosemide are also commonly used to reduce fluid buildup and improve hemodynamics. In addition, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as benazepril or perindopril can help reduce strain on the cardiovascular system. Beta-blockers like metoprolol and aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone are often included in treatment plans to prevent further heart muscle damage and improve long-term outcomes.

Addressing Cardiac Arrhythmias

Antiarrhythmic Therapies

Arrhythmias are another frequent complication associated with infiltrative cardiomyopathy. These irregular heartbeats can be managed with antiarrhythmic medications. Beta-blockers such as metoprolol are often used to control heart rate and rhythm, while class III antiarrhythmic agents like amiodarone may be prescribed to stabilize electrical activity in the heart. These treatments aim to reduce symptoms, prevent sudden cardiac events, and improve overall prognosis.

Preventing and Treating Blood Clots

Patients with infiltrative cardiomyopathy are also at increased risk of developing intracardiac thrombi, or blood clots within the heart chambers. These clots can lead to life-threatening events such as stroke or pulmonary embolism. To mitigate this risk, anticoagulant therapy may be recommended. Newer oral anticoagulants like dabigatran and rivaroxaban are often preferred due to their predictable effects and lower risk of interactions, helping to improve outcomes related to thromboembolic events.