Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Treatment Options

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC), also known as right ventricular cardiomyopathy, is a progressive heart condition characterized by the replacement of normal heart muscle tissue in the right ventricle with fibrofatty tissue. This structural change can lead to various symptoms and complications, primarily related to heart rhythm disturbances and heart failure. The treatment approach varies depending on the clinical presentation and severity of the condition.

Managing Arrhythmias

One of the most common manifestations of ARVC is cardiac arrhythmia, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. These rhythm disturbances can be life-threatening and often require medical intervention. Antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone may be prescribed to help control and prevent abnormal heart rhythms. In more severe cases—especially for patients who have experienced sudden cardiac arrest or have not responded well to medication—an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is often recommended. This device can significantly improve prognosis by detecting and correcting dangerous arrhythmias automatically.

Treating Right-Sided Heart Failure

Symptom Management with Diuretics

As the disease progresses, some patients may develop signs of right-sided heart failure. These can include systemic congestion symptoms such as jugular vein distension, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites, and peripheral edema, particularly in the lower extremities. To alleviate these symptoms and reduce fluid retention, diuretics are commonly used. These medications help eliminate excess sodium and water from the body, thereby improving clinical signs and enhancing patient comfort.

Monitoring Asymptomatic Patients

In certain cases, ARVC may be detected incidentally through imaging studies like echocardiography or chest X-rays, which show right ventricular enlargement without any noticeable symptoms. For these individuals, a conservative approach involving regular monitoring and follow-up is typically advised. Routine cardiac evaluations, including electrocardiograms and echocardiograms, help detect early signs of disease progression and allow for timely intervention if needed.