Helicobacter Pylori Antibody Levels: Understanding Negative and Positive Results

When it comes to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibody testing, it's important to understand that this type of blood test is designed to detect the presence of antibodies in response to an H. pylori infection. Unlike some other blood tests, there isn't a standard "normal range" such as 0-15 AU/mL that universally applies. Instead, the results are typically categorized simply as either negative or positive.

What Does a Negative H. pylori Antibody Result Mean?

If your blood test shows a negative result for H. pylori antibodies, this generally indicates that you have not been infected with the bacteria recently or in the past. In other words, your immune system hasn't produced specific antibodies against H. pylori, which suggests no exposure to the bacterium.

What Does a Positive H. pylori Antibody Result Mean?

A positive antibody result means that you have likely been exposed to H. pylori at some point—either currently or in the past. However, it's important to note that a positive antibody test alone cannot confirm an active infection. For this reason, further diagnostic testing is usually recommended.

One of the most common follow-up tests is the urea breath test. If the results of this test exceed the established normal values, it strongly suggests the presence of an active H. pylori infection in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine.

Treatment Options for H. pylori Infection

For individuals diagnosed with an active H. pylori infection, treatment typically involves a combination therapy. This often includes a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), such as esomeprazole or lansoprazole, along with two different antibiotics. Commonly prescribed antibiotics include clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. The exact regimen may vary depending on local resistance patterns and physician preference.

In summary, while H. pylori antibody testing can provide valuable information about past exposure to the bacteria, it should not be used alone to diagnose an active infection. Follow-up testing and consultation with a healthcare provider are essential steps in determining whether treatment is necessary.