Myocarditis Symptoms in Adolescents

Early Signs of Infection

Before the onset of myocarditis, many adolescents experience a phase of preceding infection, often affecting the respiratory or gastrointestinal systems. During this stage, symptoms may include mild fever, body aches, fatigue, and general malaise. Additionally, some individuals may suffer from nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or bloating, which can be misleading and mistaken for common viral illnesses.

Cardiac-Related Symptoms

Once the virus affects the heart muscle, symptoms tend to become more specific to myocardial involvement. These signs can be subtle and non-specific, such as chest discomfort, shortness of breath, palpitations, or a sensation of heaviness in the chest area. Some teens may feel unusually tired, experience dizziness, headaches, or display signs of poor concentration and low energy levels.

Severe Complications

In more critical cases, such as fulminant or severe myocarditis, symptoms can escalate rapidly. Patients may develop serious arrhythmias or heart failure. For instance, third-degree atrioventricular block can lead to fainting spells or even seizures, known as Adams-Stokes attacks. When heart failure occurs, symptoms may include a significant decrease in exercise tolerance, noticeable swelling in the extremities, and severe breathing difficulties, which require immediate medical attention.

Why Early Detection Matters

Parents and healthcare providers should remain vigilant, especially if an adolescent reports persistent fatigue or unusual chest symptoms following an infection. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent long-term cardiac damage and improve outcomes.