Congenital Heart Disease: Comprehensive Nursing Care Before, During, and After Interventional Procedures

Providing effective nursing care before, during, and after interventional procedures is essential for patients with congenital heart disease. This comprehensive care approach ensures patient safety, improves treatment outcomes, and enhances overall recovery. The nursing process includes preoperative preparation, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative management tailored to each patient's specific condition.

Preoperative Nursing Care

Prior to the procedure, it is crucial to address the emotional and psychological needs of both the patient and their family. Nurses should clearly explain the benefits of interventional treatment, including its effectiveness, safety, and minimal invasiveness compared to traditional surgery. Providing accurate information helps reduce anxiety and builds trust in the medical team.

Proper skin preparation in the surgical area is necessary to prevent infection. Nurses must also ensure that all required instruments and equipment are sterilized and ready for use. A thorough medical history should be taken, especially focusing on any known allergies. Additionally, patients are typically required to fast for six to eight hours before the procedure to reduce the risk of complications during anesthesia.

Intraoperative Nursing Support

During the interventional procedure, continuous monitoring of vital signs is essential. Nurses must closely observe the patient's breathing, skin color, and level of sedation. Maintaining a clear airway is a top priority to prevent choking or respiratory distress. Effective teamwork and communication between the nursing staff and the interventional cardiologist are critical to ensure smooth execution of the procedure.

Postoperative Monitoring and Care

After the procedure, patients require close observation and continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Nurses should be vigilant for any changes in the patient's mental status, such as unusual drowsiness or irritability, which could indicate complications. Particular attention should be given to the puncture site for signs of bleeding, bruising, or hematoma formation.

Immediate action must be taken if any abnormalities are detected. This includes applying pressure to the affected area, alerting the medical team, and documenting the incident thoroughly. Educating families on how to recognize early signs of complications can also support quicker response times and better recovery outcomes.

Conclusion

High-quality nursing care throughout the interventional process plays a vital role in the successful treatment of congenital heart disease. By following structured preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols, healthcare professionals can significantly enhance patient comfort, reduce risks, and promote faster recovery. Continuous training and effective communication among the medical team further contribute to improved clinical outcomes.