Is Congenital Heart Disease Hereditary?

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect, affecting the structure and function of the heart from birth. While it is not classified as a hereditary or genetic disorder, research suggests that genetic factors may play a minor role in its development.

Understanding the Causes of Congenital Heart Disease

Over 90% of congenital heart defects are believed to result from environmental influences rather than inherited traits. These external factors can interfere with the normal development of the fetal heart during pregnancy. Common causes include maternal exposure to certain medications, viral infections, environmental pollutants, and radiation.

Key Environmental Risk Factors

One of the most significant risk factors is a mother contracting rubella (German measles) during the first trimester of pregnancy. This can dramatically increase the likelihood of the baby being born with a heart defect. Other contributing factors include poor maternal nutrition, uncontrolled diabetes, and exposure to harmful substances such as alcohol or tobacco.

Preventive Measures for Expectant Parents

For couples planning to conceive, it's essential to take proactive steps to improve both physical and emotional health. This includes receiving proper vaccinations before pregnancy, avoiding harmful substances, maintaining a healthy diet, and consulting with a healthcare provider about any medications being taken.

While congenital heart disease is not directly passed down through families, a combination of environmental exposures and minor genetic influences can contribute to its occurrence. Taking preventive measures before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk, highlighting the importance of prenatal care and awareness.