Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Clinical Treatment Approaches

Adult congenital heart disease primarily involves conditions such as atrial septal defect (ASD), which may remain asymptomatic during infancy. Symptoms often begin to appear in individuals in their 20s or later, typically manifesting as shortness of breath during physical activity and a noticeable decline in stamina.

Understanding Treatment Options

While the optimal age for surgical intervention is between 2 and 6 years, advancements in medical technology have made it possible to treat adults effectively as well. Most procedures today are performed using minimally invasive techniques to repair the defect. Prior to surgery, patients are advised to follow a low-salt, low-fat diet, avoid late nights, and ensure regular bowel movements. In cases of constipation, mild laxatives may be used, but straining should be strictly avoided to prevent putting additional pressure on the heart.

When Surgery Isn't Immediately Necessary

Monitoring Small Defects

If the atrial septal defect measures less than 5mm and there is no evidence of atrial enlargement, surgical intervention may not be required immediately. Instead, regular monitoring by a cardiologist is recommended to track any changes in heart structure or function. During this time, patients should avoid excessive fatigue and refrain from engaging in high-intensity physical activities that could strain the heart.

Medical Management vs. Surgical Repair

It's important to note that congenital heart defects like ASD cannot be treated with medication. Drug therapies may help manage symptoms but do not address the underlying structural issue. Surgical repair remains the only definitive treatment option. For adults, timely intervention can significantly improve quality of life and prevent complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or pulmonary hypertension.