Congenital Heart Defects: What Happens If Left Untreated?

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural problems with the heart that are present at birth. It is crucial to seek medical treatment as soon as a diagnosis is made. Without timely intervention, these defects can worsen over time, leading to severe complications such as heart failure and dangerous heart rhythm disorders.

Potential Complications of Untreated Congenital Heart Defects

When left untreated, congenital heart issues can cause the heart to enlarge, impairing its ability to function properly. Patients may experience swelling in the legs, fluid buildup in the abdomen, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Additionally, pulmonary hypertension—high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs—can develop, significantly increasing the risk of life-threatening complications, including sudden cardiac arrest or heart failure.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Proper diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Doctors typically use an electrocardiogram (EKG) to identify the type of heart defect and assess heart rhythm. A cardiac ultrasound, or echocardiogram, is also used to evaluate the heart's structure and function, helping specialists determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Modern Treatment Approaches

There are several effective treatment options available for congenital heart defects. Minimally invasive procedures, such as catheter-based closure techniques, can repair certain types of defects without the need for open-heart surgery. For more complex cases, open-heart surgery may be necessary to correct structural abnormalities and restore normal heart function.

Following treatment, regular follow-up appointments are crucial. These visits allow doctors to monitor recovery, assess heart function, and make necessary adjustments to medication. Ongoing care ensures long-term heart health and helps prevent future complications.