Signs and Symptoms of Congenital Heart Defects in Infants

Congenital heart disease (CHD) can vary significantly in terms of symptoms, depending on the type and severity of the defect. In mild cases, such as small atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), infants may not display any noticeable symptoms at all. These babies may appear completely healthy and behave no differently than other children.

Early Warning Signs of Congenital Heart Disease

However, as time progresses or in cases where the heart defect is more severe, certain signs may begin to appear. Infants with more significant heart issues may experience delayed growth and development, poor weight gain, and a general failure to thrive. These babies may seem unusually weak, have difficulty sucking during feeding, or show signs of fatigue while nursing or bottle-feeding.

Feeding and Respiratory Issues

Common symptoms also include feeding difficulties, refusal to eat, or coughing and choking during feeding. Rapid breathing, especially after crying or physical activity, is another red flag. Parents may also notice a bluish tint to the lips or nails—known as cyanosis—particularly after exertion or during episodes of crying.

Physical and Behavioral Indicators

Other signs include excessive sweating during physical activity, pale or clammy skin, and a general lack of interest in movement or play. These symptoms can be subtle but are important indicators that prompt medical evaluation is needed.

Heart Murmurs and Medical Diagnosis

During a physical examination, a pediatrician may detect a heart murmur, which is often the first clue pointing to a congenital heart condition. While mild heart defects may not produce obvious symptoms, a combination of clinical signs and diagnostic tests can help identify underlying issues early on.