Atrial Septal Defect in Newborns: Can It Heal on Its Own?

An atrial septal defect (ASD) in newborns may close on its own, depending on its size and location. Many small defects, especially those located in the central area of the heart, can naturally close as the baby grows. However, not all types of ASD have this potential, and careful medical evaluation is necessary to determine the best course of action.

Understanding the Likelihood of Natural Closure

Small central atrial septal defects measuring less than 6–8 mm often have the potential to close without medical intervention. In particular, defects smaller than 5 mm are more likely to heal on their own over time. This is because the tissue in the central atrial septum has a greater capacity to grow and close the opening naturally.

Monitoring the Defect in Early Stages

If a newborn is diagnosed with an ASD, parents should not panic. It's crucial to consult with a pediatric cardiologist to determine the exact location and size of the defect. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor any changes and assess the chances of spontaneous closure. Doctors often recommend an echocardiogram at around three months of age to evaluate whether the defect has reduced in size or closed completely.

What Happens If the Defect Persists?

If a child is over two years old and the atrial septal defect hasn't closed naturally, the likelihood of spontaneous closure becomes very low. At this point, medical intervention may be necessary to prevent long-term complications such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or developmental delays.

When Surgery Is Necessary

For larger defects—especially those exceeding 1 cm—the chance of natural healing is almost nonexistent. These types of ASDs can significantly affect heart function and lead to serious health problems if left untreated. In such cases, surgical repair or catheter-based closure is typically recommended, ideally before the child reaches two years of age. Early treatment helps ensure better long-term outcomes and a healthier future for the child.