Atrial Septal Defect Explained

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a relatively common type of congenital heart condition. It occurs when there is an abnormal opening in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart, known as the atria. Depending on the type and location of the defect, it can vary in severity and impact on heart function.

Types of Atrial Septal Defects

One of the most common forms of ASD is the secundum type. This defect typically occurs in the middle part of the atrial septum. When the hole is larger than 5mm, it is unlikely to close on its own as the child grows. This persistent opening allows blood to flow abnormally between the left and right atria, which can lead to volume overload in the right side of the heart.

Impact on Heart Function

As a result of this abnormal blood flow, the right atrium and right ventricle may become enlarged. Over time, if the defect remains untreated, it can lead to complications such as heart failure or pulmonary hypertension — a condition where the blood pressure in the lungs becomes dangerously high due to increased blood flow.

Why Early Intervention Matters

Large atrial septal defects can significantly affect the heart's ability to function properly. Because of this, medical evaluation and potential intervention are crucial. Treatment options may include medication to manage symptoms or procedures such as catheter-based closure or open-heart surgery to repair the defect.

In summary, while some small ASDs may not cause any issues and may even close on their own, larger defects require careful monitoring and often treatment to prevent long-term damage to the heart and lungs. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with an atrial septal defect, it's important to consult with a cardiologist to determine the best course of action.