Congenital Heart Surgery: How to Handle Cardiac Arrest During the Procedure

During congenital heart surgery, cardiac arrest can occur at various stages, particularly during anesthesia induction, tracheal intubation, after puncture, and before the heart is opened. This is especially true for patients with complex congenital heart defects.

Understanding the Risk Factors

Several factors can contribute to the occurrence of cardiac arrest during surgery. These include the patient's underlying heart condition, physiological instability, and the complexity of the surgical procedure. Medical teams are well aware of these risks and take preventive measures before and during the operation.

Immediate Response to Cardiac Arrest

In the event of cardiac arrest during surgery, the medical team is fully prepared to respond swiftly. Anesthesia providers and surgical nurses are highly trained in emergency protocols and work in coordination to stabilize the patient. A defibrillator is always available on the operating table to address ventricular fibrillation immediately.

Medical Intervention and Support

Emergency medications are readily accessible in the anesthesia cart and can be administered promptly to support the patient's cardiovascular system. In more severe cases, emergency interventions such as thoracotomy and intracardiac massage may be necessary to restore normal heart function.

Advanced Life Support with ECMO

For patients who do not respond to conventional resuscitation methods, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide critical life support. ECMO allows the heart to rest and recover, reducing the risk of future cardiac events and improving long-term outcomes.

Preparedness is Key

While the occurrence of cardiac arrest during congenital heart surgery is rare, being prepared for such emergencies is crucial. Hospitals with specialized cardiac centers ensure that all personnel are trained in advanced life support techniques and that the necessary equipment is always available to handle unexpected complications.