Timing of Treatment for Congenital Heart Defects

Congenital heart defects vary in their treatment timing. After birth, it is essential to conduct thorough examinations to determine whether a baby has a congenital heart condition and to identify the specific type. Some infants require surgical intervention early in life—even during the neonatal period. For example, babies diagnosed with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with an intact ventricular septum typically need urgent surgical correction within the first two weeks of life. Delaying surgery can lead to serious complications, including heart failure or irreversible damage to the heart muscle.

Heart Defects That Allow for Delayed Intervention

On the other hand, certain heart defects may not require immediate treatment. Conditions such as small ventricular septal defects (VSDs) or small atrial septal defects (ASDs) often do not cause significant hemodynamic changes. These minor defects typically do not interfere with a child's growth or development and, in many cases, may close on their own without medical or surgical intervention.

Monitoring and Follow-Up Care

For these less severe cases, doctors may recommend a conservative approach involving regular monitoring and follow-up visits. Parents should ensure their child receives proper nutrition, preventive care, and routine check-ups. Most infants with small ASDs or VSDs can safely wait until around six months of age for surgical evaluation, if needed. This allows time for potential spontaneous closure while ensuring timely intervention if the defect persists or causes complications.