Diagnosing Congenital Heart Defects: Key Methods and Symptoms to Watch For

When it comes to identifying congenital heart disease, advanced imaging techniques such as echocardiography and cardiac CT scans play a crucial role. These diagnostic tools allow doctors to accurately determine the type and severity of the heart defect, including the size and location of any structural abnormalities.

Recognizing Common Symptoms in Infants

Infants suffering from congenital heart defects may exhibit a range of physical symptoms. One of the most noticeable signs is facial cyanosis—where the skin takes on a bluish tint due to low oxygen levels. Other symptoms include rapid or labored breathing, especially during feeding. Babies may struggle to suck properly, pause frequently during meals, or be unable to finish a feeding in one go. Excessive sweating is also common, even in mild temperatures or with minimal physical activity, particularly after crying or slight exertion.

What Doctors Look for During a Physical Examination

Physical and Developmental Indicators

During a routine checkup, a healthcare provider may observe that the child is underweight and smaller in size compared to peers of the same age. Poor growth and developmental delays are often associated with untreated heart defects, as the body isn't receiving enough oxygen-rich blood to support normal growth.

Heart Murmurs and Other Signs

A key finding during a physical exam is the presence of abnormal heart sounds, particularly a pronounced heart murmur detected through a stethoscope. This murmur can provide valuable clues about the nature of the defect, such as whether there is a hole in the heart, a valve issue, or other structural problems. The intensity and location of the murmur help guide further diagnostic testing and treatment planning.