Signs That May Indicate a Child Has Congenital Heart Disease

Common Clinical Symptoms

1. Weakened Immune System: Children with congenital heart defects often experience frequent illnesses due to a compromised immune system. They may also show signs of delayed growth and development. If a child is significantly smaller or lighter than other children their age, it could be a red flag for an underlying heart condition.

2. Cyanosis: One of the more visible signs is a bluish tint around the mouth or lips, especially after crying or during moments of rest. This condition, known as cyanosis, can indicate that the child is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood, which is commonly associated with certain types of heart defects.

Physical Examination and Diagnostic Signs

1. Heart Murmurs:

Heart murmurs are among the most common physical signs of congenital heart disease. For example, in the case of an atrial septal defect, a doctor may detect a systolic murmur along the left sternal border, specifically at the second intercostal space. This is often accompanied by an increased and fixed split of the second heart sound.

2. Chest X-Ray Findings:

A chest X-ray can reveal abnormalities such as increased pulmonary blood flow, a protruding pulmonary artery segment, or an enlarged heart silhouette. These findings can help doctors determine if further testing is necessary.

3. Echocardiogram:

One of the most effective diagnostic tools is the echocardiogram. This non-invasive test uses sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to evaluate its structure and function. It can detect a wide range of congenital heart defects and is often used for early diagnosis.