Prenatal Screening for Congenital Heart Defects: What Expectant Parents Need to Know

Expectant parents often wonder whether congenital heart defects (CHDs) can be detected during pregnancy. The good news is that many types of congenital heart issues can be identified through prenatal screening, particularly during the second trimester of pregnancy. Between 18 to 20 weeks gestation, a specialized ultrasound known as a fetal echocardiogram can be performed to examine the structure and function of the fetal heart in detail.

How Are Congenital Heart Defects Detected During Pregnancy?

During this critical window of development, medical professionals can detect a variety of structural abnormalities, including but not limited to tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, major arterial anomalies, and congenital endocardial cushion defects. These conditions occur when the heart or its associated blood vessels do not develop properly during fetal development.

What Happens If a Defect Is Detected?

If a heart abnormality is found, the next steps are typically determined by a team of specialists. The severity of the defect plays a major role in deciding whether further interventions are necessary. In some cases, the condition may require immediate medical attention after birth, while in others, it may be manageable with ongoing monitoring and care.

Understanding the Implications

It's important to note that not all congenital heart defects are life-threatening. However, more severe cases may significantly impact the baby's chances of survival outside the womb. In such situations, parents are often counseled by a multidisciplinary team including pediatric cardiologists, neonatologists, and genetic counselors to help them understand the diagnosis and explore available options.

Early detection through prenatal screening allows families to prepare emotionally, financially, and logistically for the birth of a child with special medical needs. It also opens the door for potential in-utero interventions or early delivery planning in some cases.