The Timing for Detecting Congenital Heart Defects in Infants

Understanding When Congenital Heart Defects Can Be Identified

Congenital heart disease can be detected at various stages, from pregnancy through early childhood. With modern medical technology and routine screenings, parents have multiple opportunities to identify potential heart issues in their child early on. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning and long-term health outcomes.

During Pregnancy

One of the earliest times to detect congenital heart defects is during the prenatal stage. Between 16 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, a fetal echocardiogram can be performed to closely examine the baby's heart development. However, the standard fetal heart ultrasound, known as the anatomy scan, is usually conducted around week 24 of pregnancy. This detailed scan helps identify structural abnormalities, including heart defects.

If a heart condition is detected, parents are typically referred to a pediatric cardiologist or perinatologist for further evaluation and counseling. In cases of severe or complex heart defects, some families may consider termination, although many congenital heart conditions can be successfully treated with surgery or other interventions after birth.

At Birth and Newborn Screening

Newborn screening for congenital heart defects is now a standard practice in many countries. Within the first 72 hours after birth, infants are often screened using a pulse oximetry test, which measures the oxygen saturation in the baby's blood. A normal oxygen level should be above 95%. Low oxygen levels may indicate a potential heart problem.

In addition to this test, a physical examination is performed where the doctor listens to the baby's heart sounds using a stethoscope. If a heart murmur or other abnormal signs are detected, further diagnostic testing such as an echocardiogram may be ordered. This comprehensive screening helps identify critical heart defects that require immediate attention.

During Childhood

Some congenital heart defects may not be detected at birth or during pregnancy and may only become apparent as the child grows. If a child shows symptoms such as difficulty feeding, poor weight gain, rapid breathing, or bluish skin tone, it's important to seek care at a reputable medical facility. Pediatric cardiologists can perform detailed evaluations to diagnose and manage heart conditions at any age.

Timely diagnosis and treatment significantly improve the prognosis for children with congenital heart defects. Parents should remain vigilant and ensure their child receives all recommended screenings and follow-up evaluations when necessary.