Timing of Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects

Due to the wide variety of congenital heart defects, the timing of surgical intervention depends on the specific type of cardiac malformation and the patient's age. Below is a general guideline based on clinical classifications:

Mild Congenital Heart Defects

Elective surgery is typically recommended for patients with mild forms of congenital heart disease. These defects often do not cause immediate life-threatening symptoms and can be corrected at a convenient time, usually after thorough medical evaluation and planning.

Critical Congenital Heart Defects

Certain heart defects are considered life-threatening and require urgent surgical correction shortly after birth. These include:

1. Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

If a newborn is diagnosed with complete transposition of the great arteries and does not have a ventricular septal defect, the optimal time for surgical intervention is within the first two weeks of life. Early surgery is crucial to ensure proper oxygenation and prevent serious complications.

2. Pulmonary Atresia

In cases of pulmonary atresia without a ventricular septal defect, prompt surgical treatment during the neonatal period is essential. This condition severely limits blood flow to the lungs, and timely intervention can be lifesaving.

3. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)

When total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is accompanied by obstruction, immediate surgical correction is required upon diagnosis. Delaying treatment can lead to severe hypoxemia and heart failure.

Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment

For infants suspected of having critical congenital heart disease, it is vital to seek care at a specialized medical center as soon as possible. Symptoms such as cyanosis (bluish skin color), poor feeding, and lethargy may indicate a serious heart defect. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention significantly improve long-term outcomes and quality of life.