Atrial Septal Defect in Infants: When Is Surgery Necessary?

If a baby is diagnosed with an atrial septal defect (ASD), the timing of surgery depends on the severity of the condition and the infant's overall health. In many cases, small ASDs may close on their own without medical intervention, especially during early childhood.

Understanding Atrial Septal Defects

An atrial septal defect is a congenital heart condition characterized by a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart. This opening allows blood to flow between the chambers, which can lead to complications if it does not close naturally.

When Does ASD Require Surgical Intervention?

If the defect is small and causes no noticeable symptoms, doctors often recommend regular monitoring to observe whether the hole closes on its own. Most small ASDs that are likely to close typically do so by the time the child reaches 1 year of age.

For defects measuring around 1 centimeter in size, physicians may recommend surgical repair when the child is approximately 1 year old. At this stage, the risk of complications is lower, and the child is generally strong enough to undergo the procedure.

Severe ASD and Early Treatment

In more severe cases where the defect is large or causing significant symptoms—such as poor growth, frequent respiratory infections, or difficulty breathing—early intervention may be necessary. In such situations, surgery can be considered as early as 6 months of age to prevent long-term damage to the heart and lungs.

Ultimately, the decision to proceed with surgery should be made in consultation with a pediatric cardiologist, who can assess the specific needs of the child and provide guidance tailored to their condition.