Atrial Septal Defect Enlargement in Infants – What You Need to Know

If an infant is diagnosed with an enlarging atrial septal defect (ASD), prompt medical intervention is essential. In such cases, surgical repair is often recommended to close the hole in the heart and prevent further complications. The procedure typically involves either open-heart surgery or a less invasive catheter-based technique, depending on the size and location of the defect.

Understanding Atrial Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect is a type of congenital heart condition that occurs when the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (the atria) doesn't close properly during fetal development. This condition is relatively common and can vary in severity. When the defect increases in size, it can lead to significant health concerns if left untreated.

Potential Complications During Surgery

During surgical correction, some infants may experience episodes of sinus bradycardia, a condition marked by an abnormally slow heart rate. In such cases, doctors may opt to place a temporary pacing electrode during the procedure to help regulate the heart rhythm and ensure patient safety.

Causes of Atrial Septal Defect

The exact cause of atrial septal defects is not always clear, but they are generally linked to abnormalities in the formation, absorption, or fusion of the septum during fetal heart development. Genetic factors, maternal health conditions, and environmental influences may also play a role in the development of this condition.

Common Symptoms in Affected Infants

Infants with significant ASD may display symptoms such as shortness of breath, especially during feeding or physical activity, rapid heartbeat, and general fatigue. These signs can vary in intensity depending on the size of the defect and how much it affects blood flow through the heart.

Post-Surgical Outcomes

Following successful surgical repair, most infants experience a significant improvement in their symptoms. In many cases, symptoms like breathlessness and fatigue completely resolve, allowing the child to develop and grow normally. Long-term prognosis is generally excellent when the defect is corrected in a timely manner.