Atrial Septal Defect in Infants – Symptoms and Treatment Overview

Infants with atrial septal defect (ASD) may experience varying symptoms depending on the size of the hole in the heart. In cases where the defect is small, babies may not show any noticeable symptoms at all. Often, the only sign detected is a heart murmur heard during a routine physical examination. In many of these mild cases, the hole may close on its own as the child grows older.

Common Symptoms of Larger Atrial Septal Defects

When the atrial septal defect is larger, symptoms may become more apparent. Infants may exhibit signs such as rapid breathing, excessive sweating, fatigue, and difficulty feeding. These symptoms often become more noticeable during physical activity or exertion. Parents may observe that their child tires easily or struggles to gain weight due to the increased energy demands on the body.

Increased Risk of Health Complications

Respiratory Infections and Cyanosis

Babies with ASD are at a higher risk of developing respiratory infections. Additionally, some infants may experience episodes of cyanosis — a bluish tint to the skin — especially during intense crying, physical activity, or when suffering from illnesses like pneumonia or heart failure. This occurs due to the abnormal flow of blood through the heart, which can reduce oxygen levels in the bloodstream.

Impact on Growth and Development

If the ASD is significant and symptoms are severe, they can interfere with normal growth and development. In such cases, medical intervention is typically recommended. Most doctors suggest surgical repair when the child is between 4 and 5 years old, allowing for optimal recovery and long-term heart health.