Atrial Septal Defect: Can It Get Larger Over Time?

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) has the potential to increase in size over time. Under normal circumstances, the two atria of the heart are completely separated by the atrial septum. However, if there is an opening in this wall, it is referred to as an atrial septal defect—a common type of congenital heart disease.

Understanding the Development of ASD

In many cases, small atrial septal defects may close naturally by the time a child reaches 18 months of age. However, some minor defects may persist and even enlarge as the child grows older. This progression underscores the importance of regular monitoring and medical evaluation.

When Medical Intervention Is Necessary

For defects larger than 5 millimeters in diameter, doctors often recommend early intervention, such as surgical repair or catheter-based closure techniques. If the defect meets specific criteria, a minimally invasive procedure known as ASD occlusion may be performed, which allows for faster recovery and fewer complications.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Children with larger atrial septal defects may begin to experience symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest discomfort during physical activity. These signs often prompt a visit to the pediatric cardiologist, where a comprehensive echocardiogram can confirm the diagnosis.

Recommended Treatment Approach

Once diagnosed, especially in cases where symptoms are present or the defect is significant, prompt surgical repair is typically advised. Early treatment can prevent long-term complications, including heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.