How to Diagnose Atrophic Gastritis

Understanding the Diagnostic Process of Atrophic Gastritis

Atrophic gastritis is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation and pathological analysis. The most definitive method involves a biopsy taken during a gastroscopic examination. In this process, a pathologist evaluates the gastric mucosa to determine the extent of atrophy and whether intestinal metaplasia is present. Based on these findings, a diagnosis can be made, such as mild, moderate, or severe chronic atrophic gastritis.

The Role of Pathological Examination

Pathologists play a crucial role in confirming atrophic gastritis. By analyzing tissue samples collected from the stomach lining, they assess key indicators like the thinning of the mucosa and the presence of abnormal cell changes. Intestinal metaplasia — a condition where the normal stomach lining is replaced by cells similar to those found in the intestines — is also evaluated, as it often coexists with atrophic changes.

Gastroscopy Helps Identify Early Signs

During a gastroscopic procedure, doctors may observe visible differences in the gastric mucosa. For example, the mucosal surface may appear paler than usual, with less redness compared to healthy tissue. Additionally, the surface might look uneven or rough, indicating potential atrophy. Based on these observations, the endoscopist may suspect chronic atrophic gastritis and classify it as mild, moderate, or severe.

Why Accurate Diagnosis Matters

An accurate diagnosis is essential for determining the appropriate treatment plan and monitoring disease progression. Since atrophic gastritis can increase the risk of gastric cancer, especially in more advanced stages, early detection and regular follow-up are highly recommended. Patients should work closely with their healthcare providers to manage symptoms and reduce complications.