Atrial Septal Defect Symptoms in Children

When a child has an atrial septal defect (ASD) smaller than 1 centimeter, they often display no noticeable symptoms. In many cases, such defects are only discovered during routine medical checkups later in life. These smaller openings may not interfere with normal heart function and often go undetected until adulthood.

Common Symptoms of Larger Atrial Septal Defects

Children with larger ASDs may experience significant left-to-right blood shunting from the left atrium to the right atrium. This abnormal blood flow can lead to frequent colds, weakened immunity, and increased susceptibility to infections. Parents may notice their child catches colds more easily than peers or takes longer to recover from common illnesses.

Heart-Related Signs and Developmental Delays

Some children may present with heart murmurs detected during routine pediatric exams. These murmurs occur due to the increased blood flow through the right side of the heart and pulmonary artery. Additionally, reduced blood supply to the left side of the heart can impact normal growth and development. Infants may show signs such as poor feeding, weak suckling strength, or failure to gain weight at the same rate as other children their age.

How to Recognize ASD in Infants

Since infants cannot clearly communicate discomfort or symptoms, caregivers should observe for key indicators. These include frequent respiratory infections, persistent coughing, unexplained fevers, or difficulty feeding. Delays in reaching developmental milestones compared to peers may also suggest an underlying cardiac condition like ASD.

Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

If an atrial septal defect is suspected, a pediatric cardiologist will typically recommend an echocardiogram. This non-invasive imaging test provides detailed information about the heart's structure and blood flow, allowing for accurate diagnosis. Early detection is crucial for managing symptoms and planning appropriate treatment options.