Atrial Septal Defect in Newborns: What Parents Need to Know

For many newborns, an atrial septal defect (ASD) may not cause significant health issues. In most cases, a small ASD allows the child to grow and develop normally, with physical stamina and overall health similar to children without the condition. Often, the defect is discovered incidentally during routine medical checkups or screenings.

Understanding Atrial Septal Defect in Infants

ASD refers to a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart. In newborns, small defects may not produce noticeable symptoms and can sometimes close on their own as the child grows. However, larger defects — typically those measuring 8–10 mm or more — may begin to show signs as the baby develops.

Symptoms of Larger Atrial Septal Defects

While symptoms may not appear immediately at birth, some infants with larger ASDs may experience excessive sweating, fatigue during feeding or activity, poor weight gain, or a heart murmur detected by a physician. These signs can become more pronounced as the child becomes more active and places greater demand on the cardiovascular system.

When Treatment Becomes Necessary

Many atrial septal defects are diagnosed during preschool or school-age years, especially in children who show symptoms such as shortness of breath, frequent respiratory infections, or signs of heart failure. Children with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return — a condition sometimes associated with ASD — may require earlier intervention due to more severe symptoms.

If an ASD is confirmed, doctors may recommend surgical or catheter-based closure depending on the size, location, and overall impact of the defect. Delaying treatment can increase the risk of complications such as pulmonary hypertension or irreversible heart damage.

Managing ASD in Early Infancy

Parents of newborns with a diagnosed ASD should focus on maintaining good hygiene and keeping the baby warm and dry. Infants who sweat excessively should have their clothing changed promptly to reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Regular follow-up appointments with a pediatric cardiologist are essential to monitor the condition and determine the best timing for intervention.

Long-Term Outlook

With proper medical care, most children who undergo treatment for ASD go on to lead healthy, active lives. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are key factors in ensuring a positive outcome. As the child grows, periodic cardiac evaluations will help ensure that the heart is functioning normally and that no residual issues remain.