Atrial Septal Defect Secundum: Understanding the Condition and Its Impact

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Secundum is a common type of congenital heart disease, accounting for approximately 10% to 15% of all congenital heart defects. This condition occurs when the septum—the wall that separates the two upper chambers of the heart—does not fully close during fetal development. As a result, an abnormal opening remains between the atria, allowing oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix.

Common Symptoms and Effects

Children with ASD Secundum may experience symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue, especially after physical activity. However, some children may not show any noticeable symptoms in the early stages. The condition can also lead to delayed growth and development, as well as limitations in physical endurance.

Potential Complications

Untreated ASD Secundum Risks

If left untreated, this heart defect can result in serious complications, including pulmonary hypertension—high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. Over time, increased pressure can damage the blood vessels and lead to irreversible changes in the heart and lungs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term health issues.

Treatment Options

Modern medicine offers effective treatment options for patients with ASD Secundum. These include catheter-based closure techniques, which are minimally invasive, and traditional open-heart surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the size and location of the defect, the patient's age, and overall health condition. Both approaches aim to close the abnormal opening and restore normal heart function.